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Polyp of the cervical canal of the uterus

  1. Gastroepato
  2. Oncology
  3. Polyp of cervical canal
  4. Pathology of the uterine cervix
  5. Uterine pathology
  6. Leiomyoma or fibroid or fibromyoma
  7. Ovarian cancer: clinic and staging

notes by dr Claudio Italiano

Cervical polyps

It represents one of the most frequent conditions of neoformative pathology benign female genital apparatus. It is a proliferation, mostly pedunculated, coming from the cervical mucosa.

Cervical polyps can form from the vaginalis port, from the area between the squamous epithelium of the harpoon and the cylindrical epithelium of the cervical canal or the cervical canal.

They can be unique or multiple and although they do not have an inflammatory origin, they often go very close to a cervicitis. The age of greatest incidence is between 40 and 50 years, more frequently it is multi-ple women.

The length of the polyp is usually very limited; some are barely visible others reach 2-3 cm. exceptionally longer polyps are observed. The consistency is soggy and sometimes cystic. The color is rosy or vinous red; sometimes the surface is ulcerated. The octopus can bleed easily. Histologically, the polyp consists of a cent

ral lasso and vascular stroma, whose surface is covered by a cylindrical cervical epithelium. Sometimes cervical glands are found and almost systematically there is a considerable inflammatory infiltration of the stroma.

Depending on the prevalence of fibrous, glandular, vascular or inflammatory tissue we speak of: fibrous cervical polyps, adenomatous, fibro-vascular and granulomatous or phlogistic. Although the epithelial lining of the cervical polyp is usually of the cylindrical type, such as the epithelium of the cervical canal, the facts of epidermoidal metaplasia are frequent, both in the coating epithelium and in the glandular epithelium.

This epidermoidal metaplasia should not however be considered an expression of cancer (rather exceptional); equally certain adenomatous hyperplasias of the polyp should not make it erroneously to consider adenocarcinoma. In the rare cases in which the carcinomatous degeneration of the polyp actually occurs, it is usually squamous carcinoma. The degeneration mostly begins at the surface of the polypose formation while the basal zone retains a normal epithelium for some time. Thus a polyp characterized by primitive cervical cancer of a vegetative type can be differentiated, in which the whole polypoid structure, including the base, is made of neoplastic tissue. Obviously the prognosis in the case of an octopus with the onset of cancer is better than in the other situation.

The pathogenesis of cervical polyps is discussed and probably many factors can contribute to their onset: chronic inflammation, hyperestrinism, traumas. The cervical polyp can be associated with other conditions of gynecological pathology: ovarian fibroma - cysts, etc.

Symptomatology

The symptomatology is very often non-existent and the polyp is discovered during the periodic cytological examination for cervical cancer prevention or a gynecological examination. Other times, above all because of the rich vascularization and the ulcerated facts that the octopus undergoes, there are blood losses especially after coitus, vaginal irrigation, etc.

Treatment

The therapy consists in the removal of the polyp, removal which must be done by severing the peduncle or enucleating the sessile formation or simply by twisting. Together with polypectomy, a fractional revision of the uterine cavity is sometimes indicated, since the polyps can also be multiple and detected in the uterine cavity. It may indeed happen that. in addition to the polyp that p: trude from the external uterine orifice, other polyps exist, more deeply located in the canal or in the endometrium. Some polyps tend to recur and patients are repeatedly subjected to repeated polypectomies several times in a few years. Lastly, it is necessary to be careful to exchange the polypoid formations of the girls, for example the botrioid sarcoma or endometrial sarcoma, for benign formations.
 

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